Integrated Frequency Transmission (IFT)
A Better Way to Bi-Wire
When bi-wiring was introduced in the late 1970s amplifiers and speakers benefited due to the relatively modest performance of the speakers and cables of the day. Electronics, speakers, and cables were simply not as advanced as they are today. In fact speaker cables were little more than unshielded 16 gauge lamp cord made from cheap copper with poor dielectrics so doubling up on zip wire was better than nothing. Unfortunately as electronics and speakers advanced over the intervening years most speaker cable designs have not kept pace where bi-wire terminations are concerned. For today’s high end speakers to perform their best it’s absolutely critical they be fed a phase correct signal where all frequencies are in perfect phase alignment across the frequency spectrum. Low level information relating to spacial queues, holography, image placement, low frequency impact and control as well as high frequency extension without brightness are all aspects of a phase correct signal reaching your speakers. We discovered nearly 20 years ago that it’s difficult enough to get one cable in perfect phase alignment across the entire frequency spectrum, much less to get two cables running in parallel while feeding the very different loads of high frequency and low frequency binding posts on a bi-wire speaker. When signal is split between higher and lower frequencies in separate cable runs phase distortion is inevitable. IFT (Integrated Frequency Termination) provides speed, PRAT (Pace, Rhythm and Timing) and high frequency extension in perfect alignment with low frequencies better than any bi-wire cable geometry can. This is because the full spectrum of frequencies and phase information is present in the cable’s entirety, and not split into separate runs which changes the signal’s phase alignment when frequencies are segregated into separated cable runs.
Disadvantages of The Traditional Bi-Wire Termination
When you bi-wire your loudspeakers, the input of the high and the low pass filters are fed with different input signals. This difference is a result of the high and low frequencies being forced to travel different paths, perhaps through different types of cables, but under all circumstances through cables that have seen different loads. A tweeter with a high pass filter has a completely different impedance response compared to a woofer with a low pass filter!
The drivers do not integrate when their filter halves (crossovers) are fed with unequal signals. The result is the generation of phase error that effects the sound and transfer of phase information to the different drivers in a speaker. This phase error occurs because there will be non-linearity in the low and high-frequency paths.
What does this sound like? Well, usually, just as you would expect from physics, it appears as a change in the reproduction of space and sound staging. The impression after a week or month is that all recordings sound very much alike.
Integrated Frequency Termination (IFT) Bi-Wire
All Synergistic Research speaker wires, from Core UEF through Galileo UEF, function as a “lens” to control electromagnetic inter-modulation with geometries engineered to precisely control electromagnetic fluctuations, for perfect phase and frequency transfer. IFT Bi-Wire ensures that your amplifier “sees” consistent loading, from low to high frequencies, for sound staging that is as expansive as it is precise. Low frequencies are further tuned, in series, with high frequencies, through a transmission line precisely tuned to low-frequency transfer, that exactly match the speaker wire geometry.
Shotgun Bi-Wire vs. IFT Bi-Wire
One option that does not take advantage of IFT Bi-Wire is a “shotgun” termination of two parallel speaker wires, terminated to a common set of spades or bananas at the amplifier end. Obviously, this option would double the cost of bi-wiring your system (when compared to IFT Bi-Wire). but would it carry higher performance? The simple answer is probably not. First, by separating the high(er) frequencies from low frequencies, the amplifier sees very different loads, and transfers your music as a mismatched signal, with significant phase distortion to your speakers. It is as if you are “focusing” on the upper frequencies with a wide-angle lens, and focusing on the low frequencies with a telephoto lens. This presents high frequencies and low frequencies in different aspect ratios, for a soundstage that sounds “bigger” in the upper registers than it does in the lower registers, and this then introduces sound staging problems. A far better option would be to spend the extra money on a higher level speaker wire (with IFT Bi-Wire), thereby elevating your systems presentation in an equal and balanced way.
If the manufacturer of your speakers insists on running separate speaker wires to the high and low frequency of your speaker’s binding posts, we can arrange for you to audition two speaker cables in “shotgun” vs. the equivalent higher end IFT Bi-Wired speaker wire (of approximately the same value). You can make the final call as to which bi-wire option delivers higher performance.
IFT Bi-Wire vs. Jumper Cables
So how is IFT Bi-Wire termination different from standard jumper cables or binding straps? Simple: Jumper cables are rarely tuned to the frequency range they are intended to transfer, and are often times of a much lower quality than the speaker cables they are used with. Furthermore, jumper cables introduce additional hardware, in the form of spade lugs or banana plugs, that further degrade the sound. Bi-wire binding straps are almost always worse then jumper cables, as they are little more than plated metal of a quality and build that introduces considerable distortion in the form of harsh highs or muddy low frequencies.
For the purpose of auditioning Synergistic Research Speaker Cables, many dealers opt for standard non-biwire speaker wire models, and provide you with IFT Bi-Wire Cables to span the connection from your high frequency binding posts to the lower frequency binding posts; identical to the “hardwired” IFT Bi-Wire speaker cables. Aside from the addition of an extra set of connector hardware (spade or banana), the performance will be similar to that of our IFT Speaker Cables.
Figure 1: From this graph, you can see the damping factor, and the real damping effect, that are the result of different cable lengths and different cables, as well as different amplifiers. With a good transistor amp, the damping will be decreased about 4 dB with a 5-meter cable. With a good tube amp, the damping will lose about 2 dB (the original damping with the tube amp was about 14 dB less, however).
Figure 2: These two curves show the crosstalk from the woofer to the tweeter. Crosstalk from a bi-wire configuration is represented with the lower curve.
Figure 3: This is a simulation diagram. The two components at the far left simulate the woofer resistance and inductance. The next two components are the low pass filter for the woofer. Of the next six components, the horizontal graphic represents two cables, and the vertical graphic represents the output impedance of the amplifier. The broken line converts from bi-wire to single wire. After the conversion, the first two components represent the high pass filter to the tweeter, and the five remaining components represent the tweeter.
Figure 4: This simulation is based on the diagram in figure 3. Here you can see that a phase difference arises when bi-wiring is used. The phase difference is largest just above the crossover frequency, due to the inductance of the cable, combined with the capacitance of the high pass filter. The inductance of the low-pass filter is represented in this range when a single wire is used. The most probable reason for the capricious sound of bi-wiring is that in addition to a steady state error, another, transient induced phase error between the cables will appear when playing music. This changes the dispersion pattern of the speaker output. The human ear is very sensitive to such phenomena.
